{"id":260,"date":"2020-05-19T13:51:12","date_gmt":"2020-05-19T11:51:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/?page_id=260"},"modified":"2023-03-24T14:19:40","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T13:19:40","slug":"skupina-druzic-sentinel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/o-copernicu\/infrastruktura\/kosmicka-komponenta\/skupina-druzic-sentinel\/","title":{"rendered":"Skupina dru\u017eic Sentinel"},"content":{"rendered":"

Skupina dru\u017eic Sentinel<\/h2>

Dru\u017eice Sentinel, vyv\u00edjen\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci kosmick\u00e9 komponenty Copernicus, tvo\u0159\u00ed celkem 6 \u0159ad \u2013 Sentinel-1 a\u017e -6.<\/span>
\nHlavn\u00ed funkce jednotliv\u00fdch dru\u017eic:<\/span>
\n\u2022 Sentinel-1<\/a>: Radarov\u00e9 zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm<\/span>
\n\u2022 Sentinel-2\ufeff<\/a>: Multispektr\u00e1ln\u00ed zobrazen\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm<\/span>
\n\u2022 Sentinel-3<\/a>: Multispektr\u00e1ln\u00ed zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed a altimetrie se st\u0159edn\u00edm rozli\u0161en\u00edm<\/span>
\n\u2022 Sentinel-4<\/a>: Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry z geostacion\u00e1rn\u00ed ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy<\/span>
\n\u2022 Sentinel-5:<\/a> a Sentinel-5 Prekurzor\ufeff<\/a>: Monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry z orbity LowEarth<\/span>
\n\u2022 Sentinel-6<\/a> (Jason-CS): Vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e1 mise radarov\u00e9ho v\u00fd\u0161kom\u011bru<\/span><\/p><\/div> <\/div>

<\/div>
<\/div> <\/div><\/div> <\/div>
<\/i><\/a> <\/div><\/div>

Sentinel-1<\/h2>

Mise Sentinel-1 byla tvo\u0159ena soustavou dvou satelit\u016f (jednotky A a B). Sentinel-1A byl spu\u0161t\u011bn 3. dubna 2014 a  Sentinel-1B byl spu\u0161t\u011bn 25. dubna 2016. Mise Sentinel-1B byla ukon\u010dena v roce 2022.
Dva dal\u0161\u00ed satelity (Sentinel-1C a Sentinel-1D) jsou pl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny jako n\u00e1hrada prvn\u00edch dvou satelit\u016f na konci jejich provozn\u00ed \u017eivotnosti. Dru\u017eice Sentinel-1 maj\u00ed provozn\u00ed \u017eivotnost 7 let a spot\u0159ebn\u00ed materi\u00e1l na 12 let.
\nSentinel-1 nese C-band radar se syntetickou aperturou (SAR), co\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje po\u0159izovat sn\u00edmky nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b 24\/7 za ka\u017ed\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, b\u011bhem dne i noci.\n

\nC\u00edle mise:
\n\u2022\tMonitoring p\u016fdy, les\u016f a vody
\n\u2022\tPodpora nouzov\u00e9ho mapov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch katastrof\u00e1ch
\n\u2022\tMonitorov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed
\n\u2022\tPozorov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu a ledovc\u016f
\n\u2022\tMapov\u00e1n\u00ed ropn\u00fdch skvrn
\n\u2022\tDetekce mo\u0159sk\u00fdch plavidel
\n\u2022\tSledov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bny klimatu\n

\nZe zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed jsou pro \u010ceskou republiku kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 t\u0159i oblasti vyu\u017eit\u00ed:
\nKrizov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed <\/b>\u2013 povodn\u011b \u010di deformace ter\u00e9nu, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 detekovat s milimetrovou p\u0159esnost\u00ed pomoc\u00ed radarov\u00e9 interferometrie. V\u00fdhodou je dostupnost aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch dat t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.
\nMonitorov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed<\/b> \u2013 mapov\u00e1n\u00ed lesn\u00edch porost\u016f, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch plodin \u010di sledov\u00e1n\u00ed rozsahu sn\u011bhov\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvky
\nP\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f povodn\u00ed a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed dopadu klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn<\/b><\/p> V\u00edce informac\u00ed\u2026<\/a><\/div> <\/div><\/div> <\/div>

<\/p>

Sentinel-2<\/h2>

Mise Sentinel-2 se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze sestavy dvou satelit\u016f (jednotky A a B), kter\u00e9 byly vypu\u0161t\u011bny 22. \u010dervna 2015 a 7. b\u0159ezna 2017. Sentinel-2 poskytuje sn\u00edmky, kter\u00e9 jsou po\u0159izov\u00e1ny optick\u00fdm multispektr\u00e1ln\u00edm senzorem s vysok\u00fdm prostorov\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 \u00fadaje jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1na v oblastech:\n

\nMonitorov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy<\/b>
\nOptick\u00fd multispektr\u00e1ln\u00ed senzor, kter\u00fd nese Sentinel 2, je prvn\u00edm sv\u00e9ho druhu a zahrnuje t\u0159i p\u00e1sma v \u010derven\u00e9m okraji viditeln\u00e9ho spektra. Je tedy ide\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1strojem pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed vegetace, klasifikaci lesn\u00edch porost\u016f, mapov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu chlorofylu v listech, tvorbu vegeta\u010dn\u00edch index\u016f nebo zji\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed vodn\u00edho stresu.\n
\nNouzove \u0159\u00edzeni<\/b>
\nData z mise sentinel 2 jsou vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako podpora krizov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. To zahrnuje mapov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b ohro\u017een\u00fdch budov a komplexn\u00edch struktur, kter\u00e9 byly d\u0159\u00edve identifikov\u00e1ny jako ohro\u017een\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi katastrofami, jako jsou zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed a z\u00e1plavy. \u00dadaje z mise se vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 k monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu z\u00e1sobovac\u00edch tras a k pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a kontrole mis\u00ed p\u0159ed a po ud\u00e1losti.\n
\nBezpe\u010dnost<\/b>
\nMise sentinel 2 poskytuje \u00fadaje, kter\u00e9 vedou k \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prevenci kriz\u00ed a celkov\u00e9 p\u0159ipravenosti. \u00dadaje jsou zpracov\u00e1ny slu\u017ebou programu Copernicus pro bezpe\u010dnost, kter\u00e1 se zam\u011b\u0159uje se na t\u0159i kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 \u010dinnosti:
\n\u2022\tHrani\u010dn\u00ed ostraha
\n\u2022\tN\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dohled
\n\u2022\tPodpora vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti EU\n
\nKlimatick\u00e9 zm\u011bny<\/b>
\nData s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm ze SENTINEL-2 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a modelov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn vyvolan\u00fdch podneb\u00edm, mohou tak\u00e9 podporovat detekci zm\u011bn povod\u0148ov\u00fdch ud\u00e1lost\u00ed v posti\u017een\u00fdch zem\u00edch.<\/p> V\u00edce informac\u00ed\u2026<\/a><\/div>

<\/i><\/a> <\/div><\/div> <\/div><\/div> <\/div>
<\/i><\/a> <\/div><\/div>

Sentinel-3<\/h2>

Mise Sentinel-3 je spole\u010dn\u011b provozov\u00e1na agenturami ESA a EUMETSAT. C\u00edlem mise je poskytovat opera\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby pro pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed oce\u00e1n\u016f a p\u016fdy.
\nDvojice dru\u017eic Sentinel-3A a Sentinel-3B byly vypu\u0161t\u011bny 16. \u00fanora 2016 a 25. dubna 2018.
\nSentinel-3 poskytuje vysoce p\u0159esn\u00e9 optick\u00e9, radarov\u00e9 a v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00e9 \u00fadaje pro n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a pozemn\u00ed slu\u017eby. Navazuj\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na data z dru\u017eic Envisat a Cryosat-2. M\u011b\u0159\u00ed prom\u011bnn\u00e9, jako je topografie mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho povrchu, teplota mo\u0159e a pevniny, barva oce\u00e1nu a barva zem\u011b s vysokou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a spolehlivost\u00ed.
\nDru\u017eice Sentinel-3 m\u00e1 \u010dty\u0159i hlavn\u00ed n\u00e1stroje:
\nOcean and Land Color Instrument (OCLC):<\/b> p\u0159\u00edstroj dod\u00e1v\u00e1 data o barv\u011b oce\u00e1nu a p\u016fdy
\nSea and Land Surface Temperature Instrument (SLSTR): <\/b>p\u0159\u00edstroj pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed povrchov\u00e9 teploty mo\u0159e a p\u016fdy
\nSAR Radar Altimeter (SRAL): <\/b>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se ke stanoven\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky hladiny mo\u0159\u00ed a jezer, v\u00fd\u0161ky vln, rychlosti povrchov\u00e9ho v\u011btru a v\u00fd\u0161ky a tlou\u0161\u0165ky mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu.
\nMicrowave Radiometer (MWR): <\/b>zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 radia\u010dn\u00ed teplotu a poskytuje informace o obsahu atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch vodn\u00edch par a kapaln\u00e9 vody.<\/p> V\u00edce informac\u00ed\u2026<\/a><\/div> <\/div><\/div> <\/div>

Sentinel-4 <\/h2>

Dru\u017eice Sentine-4 bude slou\u017eit specifick\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m Slu\u017eby programu Copernicus pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry (CAMS)<\/b>. Bude poskytovat hodinov\u00e9 \u00fadaje o troposf\u00e9rick\u00fdch slo\u017ek\u00e1ch v Evrop\u011b. U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e1 bude zejm\u00e9na pro aplikace v oblasti kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed.
\nPrim\u00e1rn\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem je monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed stopov\u00fdch plyn\u016f kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch pro ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed a to zejm\u00e9na O3, NO2, SO2, HCHO a aerosol\u016f a tak\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a monitoring klimatu.<\/b>
\nMise Sentinel-4 je tvo\u0159ena UVN (Ultra-violet, Visible and Near-Infrared) spektrometrem a term\u00e1ln\u00edm infra\u010derven\u00fdm z\u00e1\u0159i\u010dem (IRS) , oba budou na satelitu MTG-Sounder (MTG-S).
Vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na rok 2023.<\/p> V\u00edce informac\u00ed\u2026<\/a><\/div>

<\/div> <\/div><\/div> <\/div>
<\/div>

Sentinel-5 a Sentinel-5 prekurzor<\/h2>

Mise Sentinel-5 se bude tak\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ovat na monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed atmosf\u00e9ry. <\/b>Bude uvedena do provozu v roce 2023. Zajist\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slo\u017eek atmosf\u00e9ry, jako jsou ozon, oxid dusi\u010dit\u00fd, oxidu si\u0159i\u010dit\u00fd, oxid uhelnat\u00fd, metan, formaldehyd a aerosol.\n
Hlavn\u00edm senzorem mise je UVNS (Ultra-Violet\/Visible\/Near Infrared\/Short Wave Infrared Spectrometer), kter\u00fd bude um\u00edst\u011bn na prvn\u00ed z pl\u00e1novan\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru dru\u017eic s pol\u00e1rn\u00ed dr\u00e1hou MetOp-SG (Meteorological Operational satellite programme \u2013 Second Generation). Data z tohoto senzoru tak budou dopl\u0148kem dat z geostacion\u00e1rn\u00ed mise Sentinel 4.
\nPrekurzor Sentinel-5<\/b> je mise zah\u00e1jen\u00e1 13. \u0159\u00edjna 2017. Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159eklenovac\u00ed misi,<\/b> ne\u017e bude zah\u00e1jena mise Sentinel-5. Hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstrojem t\u00e9to mise je senzor TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument), kter\u00fd prov\u00e1d\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k anal\u00fdz\u00e1m kvality ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, oz\u00f3nu, UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed, a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed klimatu a jeho zm\u011bn.<\/p> V\u00edce informac\u00ed o dru\u017eici Sentinel-5 prekurzor\u2026<\/a>V\u00edce informac\u00ed o dru\u017eici Sentinel-5\u2026<\/a><\/div> <\/div><\/div> <\/div>

Sentinel-6<\/h2>

Sentinel -6 je kooperativn\u00ed mise vyvinut\u00e1 v partnerstv\u00ed mezi Evropou (EU, ESA a EUMETSAT) a USA (NOAA a NASA). Sentinel-6A byl vypu\u0161t\u011bn v listopadu 2020, vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed Sentinel-6B je napl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na prosinec roku 2025. 
\nHlavn\u00edm n\u00e1strojem mise jsou p\u0159esn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161kom\u011bry pro m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky mo\u0159sk\u00e9 hladiny<\/b>. Tyto \u00fadaje jsou u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pro oblast oce\u00e1nografie a pro klimatick\u00e9 studie. Topografick\u00e1 m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed povrchu oce\u00e1nu jsou nezbytn\u00e1 k pochopen\u00ed toho, jak oce\u00e1n ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 a distribuuje teplo, vodu a uhl\u00edk v klimatick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu.
\nSekund\u00e1rn\u00edm c\u00edlem mise je m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed teploty ve svisl\u00fdch profilech pomoc\u00ed oza\u0159ovac\u00ed techniky GNSS Radio-Occultation, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee analyzovat zm\u011bny teploty v troposf\u00e9\u0159e a stratosf\u00e9\u0159e, podpo\u0159it numerick\u00e9 modely pro p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f po\u010das\u00ed a t\u00edm zefektivnit p\u0159edpove\u010f po\u010das\u00ed.<\/p> V\u00edce informac\u00ed\u2026<\/a><\/div>

<\/div> <\/div><\/div> <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":227,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"pro\/page-templates\/full-width-page.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-260","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=260"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4295,"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/260\/revisions\/4295"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/copernicus.chmi.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}